Indian Philosophy »  Causality »  Conditions (pratyaya) »  Refutation of the four kinds of conditions »  Refutation of [conditions] as support [of cognition] (ālambanapratyaya)

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• Things empty of self-nature are without characteristics therefore cannot be cognized
• Thought and thought-concomitants become the conditions for objects of cognition (i.e., [conditions] as support [of cognition]) (ālambanapratyaya) by virtue of grasping; they are not existent in the ultimate sense
• Objects of cognition are the characteristics, which change depending on the changes of other things
• In the ultimate sense, while there are no [conditions] as support [of cognition] (ālambanapratyaya), there neither is any object of cognition, vice versa